China's Ministry of Commerce imposed export controls on a total of 40 Japanese entities, according to reports from multiple outlets. The controls restrict access to Chinese dual-use technologies and items, prohibiting both Chinese and foreign exporters from selling dual-use items made in China to the listed entities. Additionally, 20 Japanese entities were added to a separate watch list. While some sources specify that 20 entities are on the control list and 20 on the watch list, other accounts state that 40 entities are subject to controls in total.

China cited Japan's 'remilitarisation' or 'new militarism' as the primary reason for the restrictions. Specific entities named in the controls include the National Institute for Defense Studies, Mitsubishi Electric Defense and Space Technologies Corporation, and multiple divisions of Mitsubishi Corporation. China stated that the moves were made to safeguard national security and fulfill international non-proliferation obligations. Some reports indicate that China also cited concerns over Japan's military buildup and attempts to acquire nuclear weapons as reasons for the controls.

The imposition of these controls comes amid rising tensions between China and Japan, including disputes over Japan's military expansion and comments by Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi regarding Taiwan. The Ministry of Commerce stated the measures were a response to Tokyo's 'new militarism,' reflecting the ongoing diplomatic friction between the two countries.