Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System evaluated health outcomes among more than 2 million people with diabetes taking GLP-1 receptor agonists. The study found widespread associations with benefits to cognitive and behavioral health among users. It also revealed increased risks for pancreatitis and kidney conditions among users.

GLP-1 receptor agonists include Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound. Ozempic was originally developed to treat diabetes and was later used by people seeking weight loss. Wegovy is a higher-dose version of Ozempic approved for obesity treatment. Eli Lilly’s Zepbound entered the market in November. According to medicine.washu.edu, one in eight Americans has taken or is currently using these drugs to treat diabetes, heart disease, or obesity.

Some reports suggest GLP-1 drugs may be linked to a lower risk of breast cancer and may both prevent cancer and slow its progression, according to NPR. These drugs may act on other brain and metabolic pathways to prevent cancer, beyond weight loss. GLP-1 medications are called 'miracle drugs' by some due to weight loss effects. Weight loss medications help users feel less hungry and fuller.

Approximately 40% of American adults have obesity. Some question whether the drugs reinforce stigma and reduce patient well-being. Some see the drugs as a long-awaited solution for obesity. The drugs are not considered a simple or complete solution. The drugs have known risks and side effects.