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How voluntary and safe are Burundian refugee returns from Tanzania?
How voluntary and safe are Burundian refugee returns from Tanzania?
18 Jun
The coercive repatriation of refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi’s 2027 elections, writeTatien Nkeshimana and Bram Verelstin ISS Today.
Since December 2025, tens of thousands of Burundian refugees in Tanzania have returned to Burundi, mainly from Nduta camp, which closed in April. Most had fled Burundi after former president Pierre Nkurunziza’s decision to seek a third term triggered violent protests in 2015, followed by a failed coup and repression.
The returns accelerated after November 2025 when the Tanzania-Burundi-United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) tripartite commissionagreedto close Nduta and Nyarugusu camps by mid-2026, affecting about 142 000 Burundian refugees.
But the process has been far from voluntary, as required by international refugee law. Refugee shelters are being demolished, and freedom of movement is restricted, according toreports. Refugees are being pressured to register for repatriation, without which they cannot access humanitarian assistance.
Refugees, humanitarian organisations and civil society organisations (CSOs) havedocumentedintimidation …
Tanzania imposes return of Burundians despite risks and the Geneva ...
Tanzania imposes return of Burundians despite risks and the Geneva ...
12 December 2025
PCN
Refugees
Tanzania imposes return of Burundians despite risks and the Geneva Convention
SOS Médias Burundi
Kigoma, December 12, 2025 – The 26th meeting of the Tripartite Commission on the repatriation of Burundian refugees in Tanzania, held on November 28, 2025, set the pace for the so-called “voluntary” returns : 3,000 people per week, including 2,000 from the Nduta camp and 1,000 from Nyarugusu. This decision was adopted by the Tanzanian authorities, Burundi, and the UNHCR, represented by Country Representative Barbara Bentum Williams Dotse.
Pressure and intimidation in the camps
Refugees denounce a climate of coercion :
Demolition of homes for even the slightest infraction and placement on repatriation lists
Closure of markets, schools, churches, and health centers
Ban on commercial and agricultural activities, as well as vehicles, within the camps
Arbitrary arrests and targeted abductions
“A Burundian refugee seen outside the camp is treated like a criminal, imprisoned and sometimes tortured, then sent back to Burundi, in violation of the Refugee Convention,”
— a leader from the Nyarugus…
Concerns raised by Burundian refugees about 'coercive' repatriation ...
Concerns raised by Burundian refugees about 'coercive' repatriation ...
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Concerns have been raised about the “coercive” repatriation from Tanzania of Burundian refugees, many of whom do not want to return to their home country.
As of the end of November 2025, there were over 140,000 Burundian refugees in neighbouring Tanzania, who have fled over years of civil unrest in Burundi.
While thousands continue to be “voluntarily repatriated”, an official with the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) saysthousands may still need international protection in Tanzania.
Up to 17,000 say they are unable to return over fears for their safety or danger of political persecution. They include members of the political opposition and former military personnel.
“There are increasing concerns from refugees on forced returns and coercive measures,” said UNHCR’s Bahia Egeh, who is based in Tanzania. “We also continue to advocate against any coercive measures for the refugees in the camps.”
Adding to these concerns are reports that during the repatriation process in Tanzania, refugee shelters are being “demolished” and some Burundi refugees are being subject to “mistreatment”, UNHCR r…
How voluntary and safe are Burundian refugee returns from Tanzania?
How voluntary and safe are Burundian refugee returns from Tanzania?
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How voluntary and safe are Burundian refugee returns from Tanzania?
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19th June 2026By:ISS, Institute for Security Studies
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The coercive repatriation of Bu…
Africa: How Voluntary and Safe Are Burundian Refugee Returns From ...
Africa: How Voluntary and Safe Are Burundian Refugee Returns From ...
The coercive repatriation of Burundian refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi's 2027 elections.
Since December 2025, tens of thousands of Burundian refugees in Tanzania have returned to Burundi, mainly from Nduta camp, which closed in April. Most had fled Burundi after former president Pierre Nkurunziza's decision to seek a third term triggered violent protests in 2015, followed by a failed coup and repression.
The returns accelerated after November 2025 when the Tanzania-Burundi-United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) tripartite commissionagreedto close Nduta and Nyarugusu camps by mid-2026, affecting about 142 000 Burundian refugees.
Refugees, humanitarian organisations and civil society organisations (CSOs) havedocumentedintimidation by Tanzanian police against refugees. In Burundi, the arbitrary arrests and enforced disappearances of civilians heighten refugees' fears for their safety. Members or supporters of Burundi's political opposition are especially worried about persecution should they return.
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The timing of this repat…
Africa: How Voluntary and Safe Are Burundian Refugee Returns From Tanzania?
Africa: How Voluntary and Safe Are Burundian Refugee Returns From Tanzania?
[ISS] The coercive repatriation of Burundian refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi's 2027 elections.
Voluntary Return for Burundian Refugees. - JRS Eastern and Southern Africa
Voluntary Return for Burundian Refugees. - JRS Eastern and Southern Africa
Since 2015, political unrest and insecurity have forced hundreds of thousands of Burundians to seek refuge in neighboring countries. Today, Tanzania hosts one of the largest Burundian refugee populations, with many living in Nduta and Nyarugusu refugee camps.
For nearly a decade, life in displacement has been defined by resilience, but also by uncertainty. Many refugees remain torn between fears of returning home and the daily struggles of camp life, including dwindling resources, shrinking humanitarian aid, and limited opportunities for self-reliance.
With regional stability gradually improving, the conversation around voluntary, safe, and dignified return has taken center stage.
From April 21st to 26th, 2025, a joint delegation from the Governments of Burundi and Tanzania, supported by UNHCR, JRS, HELPage, and IRC, visited Nduta and Nyarugusu camps with one primary goal: to listen, inform, and open dialogue about voluntary repatriation.
Led by the Permanent Secretary of the Burundian Ministry of Interior, the mission engaged with: Camp authorities, Local Tanzanian leaders, And most critically, the ref…
Concerns raised by Burundian refugees about 'coercive' repatriation ...
Concerns raised by Burundian refugees about 'coercive' repatriation ...
Concerns raised by Burundian refugees about ‘coercive’ repatriation from Tanzania
24 February 2026
© UNHCR/Maimuna Mtengela
The UN refugee agency is supporting the repatriation of people from Tanzania to Burundi.
Concerns have been raised about the “coercive” repatriation from Tanzania of Burundian refugees, many of whom do not want to return to their home country.
As of the end of November 2025, there were over 140,000 Burundian refugees in neighbouring Tanzania, who have fled over years of civil unrest in Burundi.
While thousands continue to be “voluntarily repatriated”, an official with the UN refugee agency (
UNHCR
) says
thousands may still need international protection in Tanzania
.
Up to 17,000 say they are unable to return over fears for their safety or danger of political persecution. They include members of the political opposition and former military personnel.
“
There are increasing concerns from refugees on forced returns and coercive measures
,” said UNHCR’s Bahia Egeh, who is based in Tanzania. “We also continue to advocate against any coercive measures for the refugees in the camps.”
Adding to …
Corroboration
No verdict, no pronouncement. The model extracts atomic factual claims with verbatim quotes; every quote is validated against the source text and corroboration is computed by counting how many editorially-opposed blocs assert each fact.
The spine · 1 fact corroborated across ≥2 opposed blocs
2×broadly confirmedThe coercive repatriation of Burundian refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi's 2027 elections.
africaother
allafrica“The coercive repatriation of Burundian refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi's 2027 elections.”
news24.com“The coercive repatriation of refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi’s 2027 elections, writeTatien Nkeshimana and Bram Verelstin ISS Today.”
Single-source · 3 — reported by one bloc only (uncorroborated)
Since December 2025, tens of thousands of Burundian refugees in Tanzania have returned to Burundi, mainly from Nduta camp, which closed in April.
news24.com
Most Burundian refugees had fled Burundi after former president Pierre Nkurunziza’s decision to seek a third term triggered violent protests in 2015, followed by a failed coup and repression.
news24.com
The Tanzania-Burundi-United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) tripartite commission agreed to close Nduta and Nyarugusu camps by mid-2026, affecting about 142 000 Burundian refugees.
news24.com
Framing · 4 — loaded language surfaced (spin shown, not adopted)
news24.com
“The coercive repatriation of refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi’s 2027 elections, writeTatien Nkeshimana and Bram Verelstin ISS Today.”
→ The coercive repatriation of Burundian refugees risks reproducing cycles of displacement ahead of Burundi's 2027 elections.
news24.com
“But the process has been far from voluntary, as required by international refugee law.”
→ The repatriation process has not been voluntary.
news24.com
“Refugee shelters are being demolished, and freedom of movement is restricted, according toreports.”
→ Refugee shelters are being demolished and freedom of movement is restricted.
news24.com
“Refugees are being pressured to register for repatriation, without which they cannot access humanitarian assistance.”
→ Refugees are being pressured to register for repatriation to access humanitarian assistance.
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